Functional Fluctuation

Functional Significance of Force Fluctuation During Voluntary Muscle Contraction

Fluctuation theorem

Fluctuation Theorem: a simple consequence of a time reversal symmetry; it deals with motions which are chaotic in the strong mathematical sense of being hyperbolic and transitive (ie are generated by smooth hyperbolic evolutions on a smooth compact surface (the “phase space”) and with a dense trajectory, also called Anosov systems) and “furthermore are time reversible”. In such systems any init...

Adiabatic-connection fluctuation-dissipation density-functional theory based on range separation.

An adiabatic-connection fluctuation-dissipation theorem approach based on a range separation of electron-electron interactions is proposed. It involves a rigorous combination of short-range density-functional and long-range random phase approximations. This method corrects several shortcomings of the standard random phase approximation and it is particularly well suited for describing weakly bo...

Phase Fluctuation Statistics

Over t h e frequency range between 107 cis an d 1010 cis, r adio seein g is controll ed by t he distortions in t he phase of the waves propagating t hrough the eart h 's 'ttmo~ph el' e. For elevation angles above two degrees, t he dorn inant effect is refraction at l 00 j\[c/s, Lhe lolal bending o f abo ut one and one-half degr ees is d ivided equa ll ,v between t il(' t ropospher e and ionosph...

Time-dependent fluctuation theorem.

The fluctuation theorem (FT) is a generalization of the second law of thermodynamics that applies to small systems observed for short times. For thermostated systems it gives the probability ratio that entropy will be consumed rather than produced. In the present paper, we propose a version of the FT that applies to thermostated dissipative systems which respond to time-dependent dissipative fi...